暴露評估

暴露評估(Exposure Assessment)課程將討論研究設計原理和環境流行病學的相關方法問題。重點是旨在評估有關接觸疑似健康危害的因果假設的研究。基於人口研究的定量目標和方法的背景章節之後,將介紹環境流行病學中使用的主要觀測設計類型:第一將個人作為分析單元的三個基本設計(即世代、橫截面和病例對照研究)以及評估基因-環境相互作用的基因研究的簡要討論;第二是各種生態設計,以集體或區域為分析單位,由於許多研究缺乏資源,無法準確測量大量個人的環境暴露,因此、在本課程中特別強調了生態設計。This course will discuss the principles of study design and related methodologic issues in environmental epidemiology. Emphasis is given to studies aimed at evaluating causal hypotheses regarding exposures to suspected health hazards. Following background sections on the quantitative objectives and methods of population-based research, I will present the major types of observational designs used in environmental epidemiology: first, the three basic designs involving the individual as the unit of analysis (i.e., cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies) and a brief discussion of genetic studies for assessing gene-environment interactions; second, various ecologic designs involving the group or region as the unit of analysis. Ecologic designs are given special emphasis in this course because of our lack of resources or inability to accurately measure environmental exposures in large numbers of individuals.

This course will discuss the principles of study design and related methodological issues in environmental epidemiology. Emphasis is given to studies aimed at evaluating causal hypotheses regarding exposures to suspected health hazards. Following background sections on the quantitative objectives and methods of population-based research, I will present the major types of observational designs used in environmental epidemiology: first, the three basic designs involving the individual as the unit of analysis (i.e., cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies) and a brief discussion of genetic studies for assessing gene-environment interactions; second, various ecologic designs involving the group or region as the unit of analysis. Ecologic designs are given special emphasis in this course because of our lack of resources or inability to accurately measure environmental exposures in large numbers of individuals.

暴露評估較學目標是瞭解暴露評估學理與技術,學習各種危害性評估之模式運用於環境與職業衛生實務界,評估實際應用於各種環境與職業衛生之問題,以作為環境與職業危害因素之測量,建立完整的因果關係。The purpose of this course will discuss the principles of study design and related methodologic issues in environmental epidemiology. The focus is on undergraduate studies aimed at evaluating causal hypotheses regarding exposures to suspected health hazards. Because the intended audience for this course includes scientists without formal training in epidemiology, parts of this article highlight basic principles of epidemiologic research.

期中及期末考試(70%);平常考試、上課反應及期末報告(30%) Mid-term and final Exam (70%); report and response in class (30%)

• DEFINING EXPOSURE
• USES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE INFORMATION
• STRATEGIES AND DESIGN FOR EXPOSURE STUDIES (I)
• STRATEGIES AND DESIGN FOR EXPOSURE STUDIES (II)
• STATISTICAL METHODS IN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
• HUMAN TIME-USE PATTERNS AND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
• HUMAN EXPOSURE AND DOSE MODELLING (I)
• HUMAN EXPOSURE AND DOSE MODELLING (II)
• MEASURING HUMAN EXPOSURES TO CHEMICALS IN AIR, WATER AND FOOD (I)
• MEASURING HUMAN EXPOSURES TO CHEMICALS IN AIR, WATER AND FOOD (II)
• MEASURING HUMAN EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND SETTLED DUST
• MEASURING BIOLOGICAL HUMAN EXPOSURE AGENTS IN AIR AND DUST (I)
• MEASURING BIOLOGICAL HUMAN EXPOSURE AGENTS IN AIR AND DUST (II)
• ASSESSING EXPOSURES WITH BIOLOGICAL MARKERS
• QUALITY ASSURANCE IN EXPOSURE STUDIES
• 期末考試
• Introduction to Exposure Assessment

1. Environmental Health Criteria 214:HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT, UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 2000. 2. IPCS Risk Assessment Terminology: Harmonization Project Document No. 1, 2014 3. Exposure Assessment Tools by Approaches - Direct Measurement (Point-of-Contact Measurement) References ‧ Durham, WF; Wolfe, HR. (1962). Measurement of the exposure of workers to pesticides. Bull World Health Organ 26: 75-91. ‧ Fenske, RA. (1990). Nonuniform Dermal Deposition Patterns During Occupational Exposure to Pesticides. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 19: 332-337 . ‧ Fenske, RA; Horstman, SW; Bentley, RK. (1987). Assessment of Dermal Exposure to Chlorophenols in Timber Mills. Appl Ind Hyg 2: 143-147 ‧ Fenske Richard, A; Leffingwell John, T; Spear Robert, C. (1985). Evaluation of Fluorescent Tracer Methodology for Dermal Exposure Assessment. In Dermal Exposure Related to Pesticide Use: American Chemical Society. ‧ FIFRA SAP (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, Science Advisory Panel). (2007). A set of scientific issues being considered by the EPA regarding: Review of worker exposure assessment methods. Arlington, Virginia: FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting. ‧ Imm, P; Knobeloch, L; Buelow, C; Anderson, HA. (2009). Household Exposures to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in a Wisconsin Cohort. Environ Health Perspect 117: 1890-1895. ‧ Soutar, A. (2000). Use of Patches and Whole Body Sampling for the Assessment of Dermal Exposure. 44: 511-518 . ‧ Stockley, L. (1985). Changes in Habitual Food Intake During Weighed Inventory Surveys and Duplication Diet Collections. A Short Review . Ecol Food Nutr 17: 263-269. ‧ U.S. EPA. (1992). Guidelines for Exposure Assessment. (EPA/600/Z-92/001). Washington, DC. ‧ U.S. EPA. (2008). Scientific and Ethical Approaches for Observational Exposure Studies. Washington, DC. ‧ U.S. EPA. (2008). The Scientific and Ethical Approaches for Observational Exposure Studies (SEAOES).

地點

308教室

時間

W2 13:30_15:30 W4 10:0012:00