量子物理與元件

The classical notions are no longer adequate for nanoscale devices nowadays and quantum physics must be considered for both academic research and engineering applications. This course focuses on nanoelectronics and quantum electronics in low-dimensional semiconductor devices as well as the underlying quantum transport physics. Processing quantum characters has been thought to be the key to advance the current semiconductor devices as to information processing. Thanks to the breakthrough in semiconductor fabrication techniques, the devices based on the principles of quantum mechanics has been already realizable. This course will also illustrate the quantum physics for semiconductor-based quantum computation using electron spins. Finally, we will introduce the physical implementation of quantum computation for practical applications. 隨著半導體製程技術的精進,近幾十年來人們所追尋的摩爾定律之終結將可被預期,因此對於不同元件架構抑或是不同計算思考邏輯的相關研究更是如火如荼的進行中。而隨著半導體元件尺度的微縮,奈米電子乃至於量子電子學的概念愈顯其之重要性。本課程將著重於探討低微度半導體元件之設計與其中電荷與自旋傳輸之量子物理機制並對其進行控制,以期能將其運用於資訊的處理與計算。 本課程期許學生只要具備大一與大二的基礎知識(如微積分、普通物理、電路學I或電子學I等)即能理解量子元件世界的奧妙之處並培養對量子元件運作之物理直覺。所以亦非常歡迎大三以上同學選修本課程。

General Physics, Calculus, and Circuit Theory I (or Electronics I) Modern Physics and Semiconductor Physics and Devices (not essential)

助教: 蘇冠榕 SC006 zxcvperry@yahoo.com.tw

Midterm 40%+Final exam 60% Midterm 40%+Report 10%+Final exam 50%

• Classical, semiclassical, and quantum electronics in semiconductors
• Operation of single-electron circuits
• Physical implementation of semiconductor-based quantum computation

Lectures Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Reasons for the end of planar metal-oxide –semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) 1.2 Two-dimensional electron systems from semiconductors #device fabrication and structure: chapter 3 in Ref. [1]; chapters 9 and 14 in Ref. [3] #quantum wells from heterostructures: chapters 4 and 9 in Ref. [1]; chapter 1 in Ref. [2]; chapter 4 in Ref. [5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 2 Semiclassical electron dynamics in two-dimensional systems 2.1 density of states/carrier density/Drude model: chapter 6 in Text [1]; chapter 5 in Text [4]; chapter 10 in Text [5]; chapter 1 in Ref. [2] 2.2 Boltzmann transport equation for drift current and Hall effect in momentum space: chapter 9 in Text [1]; chapter 21 in Text [4]; chapters 1 and 3 in Ref. [2] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 3 Coherent charge transport in one-dimensional systems 3.1 Quantization in quantum point contacts: #Devices and conductance quantization: chapter 17 in Text [4] 3.2 Integer and fractional Quantum Hall effect: #1D channels in a strong magnetic constraint: chapters 25.8 to 25.11 in Text [4] #Composite fermions 3.3 Revisiting ballistic and diffusive charge transport in nanoscale conductors from the perspective of point-contact and quantized channels #Generalized Ohm's law/conductivity from the viewpoint of 1D ballistic channels in three-, two-, and one-dimensional FETs: chapters 1-4 and chapters 6-9 in Text [1] #Quasi-Fermi energy: chapters 8 and 10 in Text [1] #Landauer-Buttiker formalism: chapter 10 in Text [1]; chapter 9 in Ref. [2] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 4 Quantum dot physics 4.1 Quantum dot devices and single-electron transistors: Refs. [6-9] 4.2 Coulomb blockade with electrons and spins: Refs. [6-9] 4.3 Spin-related phenomena: spin blockade; spin-1/2 and spin-1 Kondo effect; RKKY interaction; spin-orbit coupling in semiconductors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 5 Spin and quantum measurements 5.1 Theory from experiments: chapters 1-3 in Ref. [5] 5.2 Devices: Refs. [10-20] 5.3 Quantum logic gates: chapter 16 in Ref. [5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 6 Quantum circuit simulation Quantum experience with Qiskit (https://qiskit.org/) by TA Text books cited as Text [1], Text [2], and so on [1] Lessons from Nanoelectronics: A New Perspective on Transport - Part A: Basic Concepts/Part B: Quantum Transport Supriyo Datta (World Scientific Publishing Company, 2018) (交大圖書館電子資源與教科書作者提供之線上電子資源nanoHUB) [2] Quantum Mechanics D. McIntyre, C. A Manogue, and J. Tate (Pearson, 2014) 滄海圖書代理 [3] Introduction to Classical and Quantum Computing Thomas G Wong (Rooted Grove, 2022) (open access: https://www.thomaswong.net/) [4] Quantum Physics of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Debdeep Jena (Oxford University Press, 2022) (陽明交大圖書館電子資源) [5] Semiconductor nanostructures quantum states and electronic transport Thomas Ihn (Oxford University Press, 2010) (陽明交大圖書館電子資源) References cited as Ref. [1], Ref. [2], and so on Books [1] The Physics of Low-dimensional Semiconductors: An Introduction John H. Davies (Cambridge University Press, 1998) 交大圖書館電子資源 [2] Fundamentals of carrier transport, second edition Mark Lundstrom (Cambridge University Press, 2000) 交大圖書館電子資源 [3] Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Basic Principles 4/e Neamen (Mcgraw-Hill; Inc., 2012) 滄海圖書代理 [4] Lessons from Nanoelectronics: A New Perspective on Transport - Part A: Basic Concepts/Part B: Quantum Transport Supriyo Datta (World Scientific Publishing Company, 2018) 交大圖書館電子資源與教科書作者提供之線上電子資源 [5] Quantum Mechanics D. McIntyre, C. A Manogue, and J. Tate (Pearson, 2014) 滄海圖書代理 Journal papers Charges and spins in quantum dots [6] M. A. Kastner, The single-electron transistor, Rev. Mod. Phys. 64, 849 (1992). [7] L.P. Kouwenhoven et al., Few-electron quantum dots, Rep. Prog. Phys. 64, 701 (2001). [8] W.G. van der Wiel et al., Electron transport through double quantum dots, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 1–22 (2003). [9] R. Hanson et al., Spins in few-electron quantum dots, Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 1217–1266 (2007). Spin-to-charge conversion and electron spin resonance Charge and spin readout [10] M. Field et al., Measurements of coulomb blockade with a noninvasive voltage probe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1311 (1993). [11] J. M. Elzerman et al., Few-electron quantum dot circuit with integrated charge read out, Phys. Rev. B 67, 161308(R) (2003). [12] J. M. Elzerman et al., Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot, Nature (London) 430, 431 (2004). ESR [13] F. H. L. Koppens et al., Driven coherent oscillations of a single electron spin in a quantum dot, Nature (London) 442, 766 (2006). [14] J. J. Pla et al., A single-atom electron spin qubit in silicon, Nature (London) 489, 541 (2012). EDSR [15] M. Pioro-Ladrière et al., Electrically driven single-electron spin resonance in a slanting Zeeman field, Nat. Phys. 4, 776 (2008). [16] S. Nadj-Perge et al., Spin–orbit qubit in a semiconductor nanowire, Nature (London) 468, 1084 (2010). [17] J. R. Petta et al., Quantum Dots Coherent Manipulation of Coupled Electron Spins in Semiconductor, Science 309, 2180 (2005). [18] K. C. Nowack, F. H. L. Koppens, Y. V. Nazarov, and L. M. K. Vandersypen, Coherent Control of a Single Electron Spin with Electric Fields, Science 318, 1430 (2007). Phosphorous atoms [19] A. Morello et al., Single-shot readout of an electron spin in silicon Nature (London) 467, 687 (2010). [20] J. J. Pla et al., A single-atom electron spin qubit in silicon, Nature (London) 489, 541 (2012).

聯絡方式

stlo@nycu.edu.tw