腸胃道粘膜免疫生理學

1.腸道相關淋巴樣組織(GALT)的介紹; 2。粘膜免疫反應; 3。粘液層:一般特徵,一般特徵,粘液成分,大分子通過粘液的擴散,4。黏液成分,大分子通過黏液擴散,5。緊密聯結的超微結構特徵, 6.上皮動態,上皮細胞汰換,上皮修復,7.粘膜防禦的整合:上皮屏障,粘液和微循環,8.粘膜防禦系統(I):粘液/碳酸氫鹽,上皮,9.粘膜防禦系統:恢復,神經源性血管舒張,10.神經源性粘液/碳酸氫鹽分泌,11.神經源性粘液/碳酸氫鹽分泌,12.酸的粘膜防禦,13.蛋白?引起的粘膜損傷,14.抵抗蛋白?的粘膜防禦,15.胃腸道粘液和微生物群,16.腸道菌和腸道免疫上皮,17。粘液中的抗菌?1.Introduction of gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), 2. Mucosal immune response, 3. The Mucus Layer: General Characteristics, General Characteristics, Constituents of Mucus, Diffusion of Macromolecules through Mucus, 4. Constituents of Mucus, Diffusion of Macromolecules through Mucus, 5. Ultrastructural Features of Junctions, 6. Epithelial Dynamics, Epithelial Cell Turnover, Epithelial Repair, 7. Integration of Mucosal Defense: Epithelial Barrier, Mucus, and Microcirculation, 8. Mucosal Defense System(I): Mucus/Bicarbonate, Epithelium, 9. Mucosal Defense System: Restitution, Neurogenic Vasodilation, 10. Neurogenic Mucus/Bicarbonate Secretion, 11. Neurogenic Mucus/Bicarbonate Secretion, 12. Mucosal Defense against Acid, 13. Protease-induced mucosal injury, 14. Mucosal Defense against Proteases, 15. Gastrointestinal Mucus and Microbiota, 16. Microbiome and gut immunity the epithelium, 17. Antimicrobial Peptides in Mucus

本課程旨在進一步深入研究胃腸道粘膜免疫生理學。胃腸道中的淋巴組織包含人體中數量最多的免疫細胞,稱為腸道相關淋巴組織(GALT)。胃腸道粘膜防禦系統會以最大程度地減少攝入或內源性有害物質對粘膜的傷害。同時,胃腸道必須對食物蛋白提供耐受性,而不會產生針對外源性顆粒的免疫反應。粘膜防禦系統分為上皮前(鹼性粘液),上皮(動態上皮細胞層)和上皮後(微循環)成分。隨著對新技術的分類,在早期發育過程中的功能以及對終身健康的影響的新見解,我們對腔微生物群或微生物群的作用的理解正在迅速增長。多項研究評估了特定營養素,谷氨?胺,精氨酸,核?酸,多不飽和脂肪酸和乳鐵蛋白對疾病結果的影響。這些研究支持營養素調節宿主防禦機制,發展正常的消化功能,防止細菌移位以及保持粘膜屏障完整性的作用。在此課程的總體目標是介紹(1)總結粘膜防禦系統各個組成部分的主要相關特徵,以及(2)解決它們如何以協調的方式運行以保護胃腸道粘膜免受損傷。This course is intended for further in-depth study of the gastrointestinal mucosal immunophysiology. The lymphoid tissues in the gastrointestinal tract contain the largest number of immune cells in the body, termed gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The gastrointestinal mucosal defense system serves to minimize mucosal injury by either ingested or endogenously produced noxious substances. At the same time, the gastrointestinal tract has to provide oral tolerance to food proteins without developing an immune reaction against exogenous particles. The mucosal defense system is stratified into pre-epithelial (alkaline mucus), epithelial (dynamic epithelial lining), and post-epithelial (microcirculation) components. Our understanding of the role of the luminal microbial communities or microbiota is growing rapidly as novel technologies provide new insights into their taxonomy, function during early development, and impact on life-long health. Multiple studies have evaluated the effects of the specific nutrients, glutamine, arginine, nucleotides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lactoferrin, on disease outcomes in premature infants. These studies support a role for nutrients to modulate host defense mechanisms to develop normal digestive function, to protect from bacterial translocation, and to preserve mucosal barrier integrity. Herein, the overall objectives are to (1) summarize the major relevant characteristics of the individual components of the mucosal defense system and (2) address how they operate in a coordinated manner to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa from injury.

期中考35%,期末考35%,平時考核30%Examination: 35%, Final Examination: 35%, Routine evaluation: 30%

(1) Menizibeya Osain Welcome, Gastrointestinal physiology, 2018, Springer, ISBN 978-3-319-910567 (eBook) (2) Dirk Haller, The gut microbiome in health and in disease, 2018, Springer, ISBN 978-3-319-90545-7 (eBook) (3) Peter R. Kvietys, Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense System, 2015, ISBN: 9781615041480 (eBook)